Poland’s fertility rate, already one of the lowest in the world, fell to a new record low of 1.07 in 2025, deepening concerns over the country’s shrinking and ageing population. Without immigration, this fertility rate means a country’s population will drop roughly by half every generation.
This comes despite years of government efforts to boost the number of births. The replacement level fertility rate is 2.1.
In a new publication of demographic data for 2025, Statistics Poland (GUS) revealed that the fertility rate – meaning the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime – declined to 1.068 last year, from 1.099 in 2024.
The figure is just over half the level recorded in 1990 (1.991).
