Anti-Christian intolerance and violence are on the rise in Europe, the Holy See’s Permanent Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has warned. In an address to a conference in Vienna, Austria on ‘Combating Intolerance and Discriminations of Christians’, Monsignor Janusz Urbańczyk said that while “the OSCE area does not witness blatant and violent persecutions of Christians, as sadly other parts of the world currently do…manifestations of intolerance, hate crimes and episodes of violence or vandalism against religious places or objects continue to increase…Moreover, offending, insulting or attacking Christians because of their beliefs and their values, including in the media and in public debate, based on a distorted and misinterpreted concept of freedom of expression, often goes uncontested.” The monsignor went on to “call upon participating States to act resolutely to protect Christians in their territories and to address properly, including by adequate legislative measures, all cases of intolerance, discrimination, hate crimes, and violent incidents against Christian individuals, communities and places or objects of worship”.